Bava Metzia 102

אבל הכא מי ידע דמחיל

but here, did he know [that he was defrauded], that he should make renunciation! Whilst Samuel can say: My ruling agrees even with R. Meir. Only there does R. Meir state that view, in so far as he certainly rejects<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'eradicates'. ');">¹</span>

ושמואל אמר אנא דאמרי אפילו לר"מ עד כאן לא קאמר ר"מ התם אלא דודאי קא עקר אבל הכא מי יימר דקא עקר מידי

[a Biblical law];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., if his condition is kept, he is certainly flouting the provisions of Scripture, therefore the condition is null. ');">²</span>

אמר רב ענן לדידי מפרשא לי מיניה דמר שמואל האומר לחבירו על מנת שאין לך עלי אונאה אין לו עליו אונאה ע"מ שאין בו אונאה הרי יש בו אונאה

but here, who can say that he disregards<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. n. 1. ');">³</span>

מיתיבי הנושא והנותן באמנה והאומר לחבירו ע"מ שאין לך עלי אונאה אין לו עליו אונאה לרב דאמר אנא דאמרי אפילו לר' יהודה הא מני

anything at all?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Notwithstanding his stipulation, he may not actually overreach; therefore it is valid. ');">⁴</span>

אמר אביי מחוורתא רב אמר כר"מ ושמואל דאמר כר' יהודה

R. 'Anan said: I was told on Samuel's authority: If one says to his neighbour. '[I agree to this sale] on condition that you have no claim of overreaching against me,' then he can prefer no claim of overreaching against him. [But if he stipulates,] 'on condition that there is no overreaching therein', then [in case of deceit] a charge of imposition can be preferred.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there is overreaching therein.' I.e., the condition was not fulfilled, and therefore the sale is invalid. ');">⁵</span>

רבא אמר לא קשיא כאן בסתם כאן במפרש

An objection is raised: If one trades on trust,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] Rashi: A gives goods to B to sell at whatever price he can, to render him the money at a fixed date, whilst he pays him for his labour, i.e., he appoints him his salaried agent. [Tosaf.: The buyer (B) trusts the seller (A) as to the price he paid for the goods, and is willing to allow him a certain percentage for profit. This interpretation of the term [H] is followed in the rendering of the next paragraph.] ');">⁶</span>

דתניא במה דברים אמורים בסתם אבל במפרש מוכר שאמר ללוקח חפץ זה שאני מוכר לך במאתים יודע אני בו שאינו שוה אלא מנה על מנת שאין לך עלי אונאה אין לו עליו אונאה וכן לוקח שאמר למוכר חפץ זה שאני לוקח ממך במנה יודע אני בו ששוה מאתים ע"מ שאין לך עלי אונאה אין לו עליו אונאה

or if one says to his neighbour. '[This sale is] on condition that you have no claim of overreaching against me,' then he has no claim of overreaching against him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The first clause means, A cannot say to B, 'You sold below the market value and must therefore make it up. [According to Tosaf. (v. n. 6), B cannot prefer a charge of overreaching against A since he agreed to accept the goods at the price A originally paid for them (plus a percentage) irrespective of the market value.] ');">⁷</span>

ת"ר הנושא והנותן באמנה הרי זה לא יחשב את הרע באמנה ואת היפה בשוה אלא או זה וזה באמנה או זה וזה בשוה

Now, according to Rab, who maintained, 'My ruling agrees even with R. Judah.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 51a. ');">⁸</span>

ונותן לו שכר כתף שכר גמל שכר פונדק שכר עצמו אינו נוטל שכבר נתן לו שכרו משלם

who is the authority for this? — Said Abaye: It is clear [therefore] that Rab's ruling agrees with R. Meir [only], and Samuel's with R. Judah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even as the first hypothesis. ');">⁹</span>

שכרו משלם מהיכא קא יהיב ליה אמר רב פפא בצדרויי דיהבי ארבע למאה:

Raba said: There is no difficulty; one refers to a general [condition]; the other to a particular [stipulation]. As it has been taught: When is this said?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That notwithstanding a condition, each can prefer a claim of fraud against the other. ');">¹⁰</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> כמה תהא הסלע חסירה ולא יהא בה אונאה ר"מ אומר ארבע איסרות איסר לדינר ור' יהודה אומר ארבע פונדיונות פונדיון לדינר ור"ש אומר

Of a general [condition].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., if it was simply stipulated that there should be no claim for overreaching, without an explicit statement that a known overcharge was to be permitted in a certain transaction. In that case, Rab maintains that a claim can be preferred. ');">¹¹</span> But if one explicitly states [that he is overcharging], [e.g.,] if the vendor said to the vendee, 'I know that this article, which I sell you for two hundred <i>zuz</i>, is only worth one hundred, but I sell it to you on condition that you have no claim of overreaching against me,' then he has no claim of overreaching. And likewise, if the Purchaser said to the seller, 'I know that this article which I buy from you for one hundred [<i>zuz</i>] is worth two hundred, [yet I do so] on condition that you have no claim of overreaching against me,' then he has no claim of overreaching against him. Our Rabbis taught: If one buys and sells on trust, he must not compute the inferior goods on trust and the superior at par, but either both on trust or both at par.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosaf.: E.g.. A buys 10 articles for 10 zuz, 5 of which are worth 1 1/2 zuz each, whilst the other 5 are only worth 1/2 zuz each, and then sells them to B, who states that he is prepared to trust A as to what he paid for them and is willing to give him a certain percentage of profit: then A must not reckon the inferior goods at the average price of one zuz apiece, whilst quoting the better at 1 1/2 each, but must either strike an average for all, if he sells all together, or estimate each at its own value, if he sells them separately. ');">¹²</span> And he must pay him the cost of porterage, transport,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'the hire of a camel.' ');">¹³</span> and storing;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the seller is entitled to add his expenses to the cost. ');">¹⁴</span> but he does not receive payment for his own trouble, since he has already been paid in full. Whence was his payment in full given him? — Said R. Papa: This refers to cloth manufacturers, who give [a discount of] four per cent.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The cost price (10 zuz, as stated in the example in n. 3) is subject to a further manufacturer's discount; but the seller, in estimating his profits, bases it on the cost price before the discount is subtracted. That discount is regarded as full payment for his personal trouble (v. S. Strashun a.l.). ');">¹⁵</span> <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. BY HOW MUCH MAY THE <i>SELA'</i> BE DEFICIENT AND YET INVOLVE NO OVERREACHING?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Coins being valued by weight they depreciate in value after being in use for some time. The Mishnah discusses how far they may thus be underweight or defaced and yet, if tendered at their nominal value, involve no overreaching. ');">¹⁶</span> R. MEIR SAID: FOUR <i>ISSARS</i>, WHICH IS AN <i>ISSAR</i> PER <i>DENAR</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A sela' = 4 denorii = 12 pundions; 1 pundion = 2 issars (assarius); i.e., 1/24 of Its value. ');">¹⁷</span> R. JUDAH SAID: FOUR PUNDIONS, WHICH IS A PUNDION PER <i>DENAR</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., 1/12. ');">¹⁸</span> R. SIMEON SAID: